中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
加强党建组织高质量科研******
【自立自强·大家谈】
作者:张丽萍(中国科学院理化技术研究所党委书记)
党的二十大报告提出“坚持科技创新在我国现代化建设全局中的核心地位”,“强化国家战略科技力量”等,对科技界提出了新的更高要求。科研院所是科技创新的基本组织单元,应该如何调动科研人员的积极性、最高效率地组织科研活动,这是我一直在思索的问题。
我的体会是,要以党的二十大精神为指引,坚持以高质量党建引领研究所高质量发展、组织高质量科研。
一是进一步强化使命担当。经济社会发展,人民对美好生活的向往,对我们提出了殷切的期望,让我们感到沉甸甸的责任感、使命感和紧迫感。我们必须进一步强化心系“国家事”、肩扛“国家责”的使命担当,引导科研人员从“我要做什么”积极向“国家需要我做什么”转变,从科研规划、科研方向、科研选题、科研目标等入手,主动对标对表“四个面向”要求和“充分体现国家意志、有效满足国家需求、代表国家最高水平”创新价值标准,保证科研工作始终沿着正确政治方向创新发展。
二是进一步强化基层组织的战斗堡垒作用。近年来,中科院理化所强化党建引领,促进党建工作与科研业务深度融合,为重大任务攻坚、重大成果产出提供了坚强的组织保障。比如,针对承担的航天低温制冷机等重点研制任务,提出“三线工作法”,在“管理线”和“技术线”的基础上,增设一条“思想线”,将党的基层组织有机融合到科研攻关的组织体系中,把党建工作落实到科研最前线,党组织在重大任务中既把握政治性和原则性,又能及时解决遇到的思想问题和急难愁盼问题,真正发挥战斗堡垒作用。再如,为加快大型低温制冷设备的自主研制,研究所成立了以我国低温研究的开创者洪朝生冠名的青年突击队,凝聚和激励青年科技人员弘扬科学家精神,瞄准国家需求,勇担重任、攻坚克难,已经取得重要的阶段性成果。未来,研究所将不断探索党建引领科技创新的方式方法,筑牢战斗堡垒,为加快实现高水平科技自立自强提供坚强政治保证。
三是进一步发挥模范引领作用。伟大时代呼唤伟大精神,崇高事业需要榜样引领。加快实现高水平科技自立自强,需要广大科技人员刻苦钻研,集智攻关,也要发挥模范引领和典型示范作用,讲好科学家故事,弘扬科学家精神。在工作实践中,我们倡导科研人员心怀“国之大者”,把个人的“小我”融到实现科技强国的“大我”之中。通过设立党员先锋岗,组织党员过“政治生日”,激励党员发挥先锋模范作用,在科技攻关的关键时刻亮身份、见行动。同时注意挖掘各类先进典型,评优秀共产党员、优秀职工、巾帼风采奖、五四先锋奖、我最喜爱的导师、理化工匠等奖项,以身边人身边事示范引领,着力在研究所内形成争做先锋、争做模范的良好创新氛围。
新时代赋予新使命,新征程呼唤新作为。党对科技事业发展的全面领导,为科研院所的发展提供了根本遵循和强大动力。面向未来,我们将坚持以党的二十大精神为指引,深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义,按照习近平总书记对中科院提出的“四个率先”和“两加快一努力”目标要求,切实抓好二十大精神的落地见效,持续强化基层党组织的组织力和战斗力,激发广大科技人员的创新热情,以高质量党建引领研究所高质量发展,努力产出重大科技成果,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦作出科技人应有的重大贡献。
《光明日报》( 2023年01月12日 16版)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)